Alexander the Great

Along with his generals, the most ingenious tactician the world has ever seen. Plus, he was a complete crazy. [more to come]

King Philip II

Great strategist, strict dictator. [more to come]

Section III: The Macedonians

More to Come!!!

Glossaria Magna [pseudo-Latin]- Includes From Every Section

Here is the master glossary:

> Achaemenid Dynasty - Hakhāmanishiya in Old Persian. This line ruled Persia form its rise under Cyrus I until its fall under Darius III
> Ægean - a sea residing 'twixt Greece and modern Turkey
> Alcibiades - young Athenian leader during th aPeloponnesian War who defected tot he Spartan side
> Asia Minor - what is now Turkey
> aspis - the generic Greek word for "shield"
> Assembly - the ancient Athenian lawmaking council
> Assyrian Empire - An oppressive regime that was the largest of its time around the seventh century BC
> Athens - a still-surviving city in Greece that was founded in the Bronze Age
> Attica - the region around Athens and Thebes

> Babylon - an ancient city whose culture flourished in the late 3rd millenium BC
> Bactria - an ancient state that was where Afghanistan is now
> bell cuirass - eighth century BC bronze body armour
> Boeotia - small region northwest of Attica
> Boeotian shield - round shield with two strategically placed cutouts on the sides
> Bronze age - the late bronze age was between ca. 1600 and 1200 BC
> butt-spike - spike on the back end of a spear

> Corinth - a Greek city-state situated on the Peloponnesian Ithsmus
> Cleon - a ruler of Athens in the Peloponnesian War who died at the Battle of Amphipolis
> Cretan - of or pertaining to the island of Crete or its inhabitants
> Cyrus I - The first King of Persia

> Darius I - Emperor of Persia between 521 and 485 BC; arguably the greatest Persian king
> dathabam - 'tens'. Smallest division of a Persian army
> Dipylon shield - [see Boeotian shield]
> dory - probably the Greek word for "spear"

> Ethiopia - a region of Africa that was in contact with the European world in ancient times
> Euphrates - A river in the Mesopotamian region

> falcata - [see kopis]

> Gaugamela, Battle of - Alexander the Great's final victory over Emperor Darius III
> Græco-Persian War - The war that began around 500 BC with the Persian Emperor's invasion of the Greek mainland

> hazarabam - 'thousands'. Largest division of a Persian army
> Hellenic - of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks
> Hermes - Hellenic god of lots of stuff
> Hittites - an archaic people of Asia minor with an early knowledge of iron
> Homer - a Greek poet who may have lived in the 8th century BC
> hoplite - Hellenic part-time heavy infantry
> hoplon - an ancient Greek word meaning "tool"; later, "tool of war"

> Ionian Sea - the sea between Greece and Italy

> kern - Celtic skirmishers/light infantry
> kopis - Greek forward-curved sword

> Lagash - a city of the Sumerian civilization
> linen cuirass - somewhat flexible Greek armour made of stiff linen
> linothrax - [see linen cuirass]

> machaira - [see kopis]
> Marathon, Battle of - a decisive battle where the Athenians repelled the Persians
> Medes - The people of Media, who brought down the Assyrians, helped by the Babylonians
> Mesopotamia - the area that is now Iraq. Some of the first evidence of human agricultural civilization is here
> Minos - an ancient Greek culture centered on the island of Crete from 2500 - 1400 BC
> muscled cuirass - bronze (and later iron) Greek armor in the form of a muscled torso
> Mycenae - a powerful pre-Hellenic culture that dominated the Ægean between 1400 - 1000 BC

> Nicias - a ruler of Athens in the Peloponnesian War

> Ottoman Empire - a Turkish empire that was an important Muslim power in the Near East from its founding in 1299 to its fall in 1923

> Peloponnesian War- a war between the Athenians and their allies and the Spartans plus their allies. It began in 431 BC and ended in 404 BC with a decisive Spartan victory.
> Peloponnesus - the large peninsula in the south of Greece that is separated from the mainland by the Corinthian ithsmus
> pelta - crescent-shaped shield carried by Greek and Thracian light infantry
> peltast - Greek light infantry
> Pericles - ruler of Athens at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War
> pestilence - a plague, specifically the one that happened in 5th Century BC Athens
> Philippides - runner who told Athens of their victory at Marathon
> Phrygian cap - a cap, probably from the region of Phrygia
> phalanx - a dense rectangular block of soldiers armed with pikes and usually shields
> Piraeus - the port near Athens

> Salamis, Battle of - The naval battle between the Athenians and the Persians that resulted in the destruction of the entire Persian fleet
> sataba - 'hundreds'. The middle division of a Persian army
> satrapy - a Persian "fiefdom" of sorts, ruled by a satrap who owed allegiance to the Emperor of Persia
> Schliemann, Heinrich - Amateur archaeologist who uncovered the ancient sites of Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns
> Scythians - A nomadic people who lived north and west of the Black Sea
> Sea peoples - raiders from the area of modern Israel who ravaged the coasts of Egypt in the time of the Old Kingdom
> Sicilian Expedition - ill-fated Athenian attempt to take Sicily from the Spartans
> spara - a large, leather shield
> sparabara - 'shieldbearer'. Persian mêlée infantry
> Sparta - a Greek city-state in the region of Lakonia on the Peloponnesus that was known for its legendary warriors
> Syracuse - large Greek settlement on the eastern coast of Sicily

> Thebes - Greek city-state in Boeotia
> Theban Sacred Band - fighting elite of Thebes, 100 men
> Thessaly - the great plain that dominates central Greece
> Thermopylae, Battle of - a Pyrrhic victory for the Persians against the Greeks
> Thrace - The region just to the west of the Black Sea, northeast of Macedonia
> Tigris - A river in the Mesopotamian region
> Troy - an ancient city in Asia Minor
> Tutankhamen - New Kingdom pharaoh whose tomb was discovered untouched by thieves

> Ur - a city of the Mesopotamian civilization

> veles - Roman skirmisher

> Xerxes I - Persian King who conquered most of Greece before finally being defeated
> xiphos - Greek shortsword